Chhaunata, although not a drama in its fuller interpretation, it is a specialized
dance drama. It is famous for its most colorful virile dance, the Chhau
Nrutya, which is highly stylized and set to choreographic frame work. WhileChhau of seraikela uses masks for all its characters, Chhau of Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Balasore and Dhenkanala do not use them, thereby adding facial expression with body movement and gesture. While the princes and the Royal
families are the participants in the Seraikela Chhau, and the commoners in the Mayurbhanja Chhau teams it has remained with the traditional Paikas of Dhenkanal, whose ancestors themselves formed the
infantry men of the Dhenkanal Kings, before merger of states. Themes of the dance dramas are taken from mythology to folk tales. Chhau is usually performed during the Chaitra festival and except the sophisticated groups, all others use an arena for performance with spectators around.
The origin of the word Chhau is traced by some, to Chhauni, the military camps of ancient kings. While other maintain that the word is a derivative of Chhaya (shadow) etc. According to the experts of Dhenkanal, this word Chhau is a derivative term of the word Chhai meaning body gesture seems to be more appropriate.
The vigorous war dances with swords and shields, the colorful, dignified yet intricate
rhythmic pattern of other dances, the loud yet melodious sound of battle-drums such as Dhumsa, Nagra, Dhol and Chadchadi with Mohuri, actually brings thunderous effect to make the audience spell-bound.