2nd Century BC.
Rock Inscription of Maharaja Kharavela, Udayagiri, Bhubaneswar, Orissa,India.  (Translated by JK. Dash from Oriya Version )

"With reverence to Saints (Aharta), Holy-men (Sarbasiddha) and Teachers."

The Aira Maharaja- Mahameghabahana-Chedi (Cheta)- of the royal hierarchy, the Icon of good Omen, the Wise & Knowledgeable widely Traveled, Proficient in the tactics of Defence and Warfare, Lord of Kalinga Shree Kharavela, enjoyed his childhood for fifteen years in play. Thereafter as the Yuvaraj for nine years, he specialized in disciplines like Literature, Histrionic Arts, Economics and Business Calculations, Traditional Law etc and was crowned as the third generation of the Chedi King Dynasty, Maharaja of Kalinga at the attainment of age twenty four years.

(1) In the very first year of Kharavela's rule, there occurred a Super Cyclone of unprecedented magnitude and the Kingdom of Kalinga was devastated. With destruction everywhere, people were in great sufferings. Maharaja Kharavela reconstructed all the damaged buildings, walls and gates. 

He constructed "Deep Cold Water Reservoirs and Aqua ducts" and also renovated the damaged Gardens. And thus did good governance fulfilling the needs of his people at an expenditure of 35 lakhs soverns.

(2) In the second year of rule, Maharaja
Kharavela ferociously attacked the "Satakaranis" in the west with a huge Kalinga Army of War Elephants, Soldiers and Chariots. The habitats of Asika (or Rasika) were petrified.

(3) A great exponent of Histrionic Art himself.
Kharavela, in his third year of rule, revived the traditions of Vanity fare (Darpa), Dance (Nata), Music (Geeta) and Orchestra (Badita). By patronizing various social ceremonies he encouraged and entertained his people.

(4) In earlier times at "Arakapura" (the domain of Bidyadhars), Bidyadhara's enjoyed pride of place and privileges. In the fourth year of rule, Kharavela terrorized and suppressed the corrupt Bhojakas (Gramapala) and Rastrakas (Khandapala) and prevailed upon them to return forthright all the illicit wealth, ornaments, gold vessels acquired from the Bidyadharas of Arakapura. Thereafter again the Bidyadharas were allowed to lead a lifestyle they lived during earlier Kalinga Kings era.

(5) With an expense of one lakh soverns,
Kharavela in his fifth year of rule, renovated and extended up to the capital city- the "Tanusalayapatta" aqua duct system which was built three hundred years before by the first Nanda King "Mahapadmananda" and brought water.

(6) In the sixth year Maharaja
Kharavela, for the Economic benefit of his citizens, in a gracious gesture Exempted Taxes and Surcharges to the tune of lakhs of soverns.

(7) Maharaja
Kharavela, for the over all welfare and development of his kingdom, spent lakhs of soverns in the seventh year of his rule and he toured extensively on supervision with swords, chariots, flags, sentinels and his cavalry.

(8) In the eighth year on a "punitive expedition" (Danda Jatra) to Mathura with a huge army, he destroyed Gorathagiri and terrorized the habitat of Rajagriha. Due to a strong apprehension of retaliatory attack,
Kharavela proceeded towards Mathura. And from there with the Kalpa-Brikshya, Victory Elephants, Chariots and his army, he returned back to his Kingdom. A grand homecoming feast with compliments for all his employees, Bhramins, Saints and people of his kingdom was organized.

(9) In the ninth year of his rule,
Kharavela constructed a Baidurjya (Sapphire, cats-eye) studded magnificent Palace named Maha Vijaya Prasad (The Great Victory Palace), in the royal premises of the Kalinga Court with an expenditure of thirty eight lakhs soverns.

(10) In the tenth year of rule, Maharaja
Kharavela, in memory of past three generations of his forefathers, organized a grand sacred memorial service, spending one lakh soverns.

(11)Mysitcal Jewel Crowned ( ManniRatna ) Maharaja
Kharavela, in his eleventh year of rule, went out on an expedition to reclaim for agriculture, Pithudagadava nagar/ Pruthud a territory of Kalinga, which had turned into a wild grassland of Timiridaha plants since a hundred thirteen years.

(12) In the twelfth year of rule Maharaja
Kharavela, with a huge Kallinga army invaded Magadha and Anga. He watered his elephants and horses in the river Ganga. Magadha king Brihaspathimitra conceded defeat. Then, with the "Jinnasanna", (which was/ were earlier taken away from Kalinga by the Magadha Kings) and all the elephants, horses and wealth from Anga and Magadha, Kharavela returned to his Kingdom in a grand victory procession. And thus he expanded his protocol in Magadha and Anga. Then in his kingdom he extensively constructed Bithi (avenues) Chatwara (courtyard sanctorum), Parikha (forts/ moats), Goppuras (maingates). Hundreds of Basukis (Naga Banshis) visited the Maharaja to pay their respect and gifted him with exotic elephants, horses and other animals. Even the Pandya King submitted before Maharaja Kharavela and gifted varieties of ornaments, pearls, jewels and various gemstones in very huge quantities. And thus even the Pandyas and Basukis came under Kharavela's reign.

(13) Then in the thirteenth year,
Kharavela built a royal complex of one hundred thirteen exotic caves on Kumari Parbata (Udayagiri & Khandagiri,Bhubaneswar,Orissa are part of) for the purpose of noble accommodation, meditation and recreation of his queens, princes, brothers, relatives, royal employees and saints. This was his Maha Vijaya Smarak, the Victory Edifice.

(14) In the fourteenth year, Kharavela constructed a marvelous complex structure to house and entertain Visiting Dignitaries and Sages. Special stones from far off places, dugout from sacred quarries where saints lived nearby, were brought. From these special stones, architectural sapphire studded Pillars were made. Then with an expense of seventy-five lakhs soverns, canopies and these sapphire studded pillars were installed by the Maharaja in traditional sacred ceremony.

         Maharaja Kharavela,
The able King, Lord of Prosperity, Noble like Indra, Virtuous like Dharmaraj, he who for the Prosperity of the Kingdom decides through his experience, knowledge from his people and self involvement, the great Warrior competent in all disciplines, the Dominator of Atheist, the Esteemed Patron of all Temples, the Great exponent of Regal Polity, the Chief of a Huge Undefeated Army, the Overlord of Gupta Chakra and Parvata Chakra.

His highness with Family at the Show on Supitham

-End